Amino acids yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob lom thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej.Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb lom neeg, thiab tib neeg kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm metabolic hauv cov kab mob muaj sia, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acids hauv cov kab mob muaj sia tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb.Amino acids yog cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia thiab kev loj hlob, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv metabolism hauv kev tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa mus hauv lub cev.

Hauv 30 xyoo dhau los, qhov kev vam meej tseem ceeb tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho, thiab kev siv cov amino acids, hauv kev tshawb pom cov amino acid tshiab thiab cov lej los ntawm kwv yees li 50 hom hauv xyoo 1960, txog tam sim no tau tshaj 400 hom.Hais txog cov zis, lub ntiaj teb cov amino acid ntau lawm tsuas yog 100,000 tons, tam sim no tau dhia ntau lab tons, cov zis ntau tshaj 10 billion dollars.Tab sis muaj kev quaj ntev los ntawm qhov xav tau tiag tiag, uas cov kws tshaj lij xav tias yuav ncav cuag $ 30 nphom los ntawm 2000. Amino acids tau dav siv los ua tib neeg cov khoom noj khoom haus additives, seasoning additives, feed additives, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, kev ua liaj ua teb, tsiaj txhu. , tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev kho mob, thiab ntau yam.

Ntxiv nrog rau kev nce qib sai hauv kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis thiab txhais tau tias ntawm amino acid kev lag luam thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, kev sib sib zog nqus amino acid ua thiab cov khoom lag luam tshiab yog qhov sib txawv.Cov khoom lag luam amino acid tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ib txwm muaj xws li cov amino acids uas tsis yog-protein, amino acid derivatives, thiab peptides luv luv, ib chav kawm loj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tib neeg lub neej thiab cov khoom tsim khoom, uas muab kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov amino acid ntau lawm. kev lag luam loj dua, rau cov amino acids thiab cov kev lag luam muaj feem xyuam rau qhov tseem ceeb tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov tshuaj, cov amino acid derivatives siv raws li kev kho mob tshuaj yog tam sim no nquag nquag, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm daim siab kab mob, kab mob plawv, kab mob ulcerative, ulcerations, neurological kab mob, anti-inflammatory yam, thiab tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li pua pua ntawm amino acids. acid derivatives siv rau kev kho mob.Piv txwv li, 4-hydroxyproline muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob siab mob siab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob cirrhosis.N-acetyl-L-glutamine aluminium, dihydroxyl aluminium-L-histidine, histidine-vitamin u-methionine, N-acetyltryptophan aluminium, titanium, bismuth yog txhua yam tshuaj zoo rau cov kab mob ulcerative.N-diethyline-ethyl-N-acetylglutamatergic restores qaug zog, kho thiab lub cev muaj zog dysregulation los ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiab cerebrovascular teeb meem.Cov syngoguses ntawm La-methyl- β tyrosine nrog callose phenylalanine dehydroxylase, D-3-sulfhydryl-2-methyl acetyl-L proline, thiab diuretics, yog tag nrho cov zoo intensives.Arginine aspirin, lysine aspirin, ob leeg tswj cov tshuaj aspirin analgesic nyhuv, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txo cov kev mob tshwm sim.N-acetylcysteine ​​hydrochloride muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev mob ntsws.Amino acid polymers tam sim no tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv phais tshiab siv hauv kev sim tshuaj.Piv txwv li, nrog cov txheej txheej txheej qhwv ua raws li cov tawv nqaij uas tsim los ntawm copolymerization ntawm leucine thiab esterified glutamate los yog aspartate acid, lub qhov txhab tuaj yeem qhwv tsis tau ntxiv thiab ua ib feem ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Cov tshuaj Peptide kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj amino acid, xws li glutathione yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau kev kho mob siab, tshuaj lom neeg, kab mob tsis haum, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob cataracts.Vasopressin, ua ke nrog 9 amino acids, txhawb cov ntshav siab hauv cov hlab ntsha zoo thiab cov hlab ntsha thiab tseem muaj cov nyhuv anti-diuretic.

Amino acid derivatives kuj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.Piv txwv li, N-acylated amino acids ua los ntawm ntev-chain fatty acids, amino acids esters ua los ntawm cov cawv siab los ntawm esterification, thiab N-acyl amino acid esters acylated amino acids uas tsis tshua muaj cawv muaj ib tug dav spectrum ntawm antibacterial kev ua ub no ntawm gram-zoo. thiab cov kab mob gram-tsis zoo, thiab tseem ua rau pwm, thiab tau dav siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob.Piv txwv li, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov amino acid derivatives rau penicillin G thiab lysozyme, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntxiv cov amino acid esters, penicillin G thiab lysozyme qhia muaj zog antimicrobial thiab glycolytic rog.

Amino acid derivatives tau dav siv los ua tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li (1) tshuaj tiv thaiv neoplastic nrog cov amino acids ua cov cab, xws li phenylalanine mustard gas, L-valine, L-glutamate, L-lysine conjugate nrog phenylenediamine nitrogen mustard.(2) Siv cov amino acid derivatives raws li cov qauv analogs ntawm cov amino acids xav tau rau cov qog hlwb kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv qog, xws li S-amino acid-L-cysteine.(3) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov amino acid derivatives ua raws li enzyme inhibitors.Piv txwv li, N-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate yog ib txoj hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm aspartate transaminophenase, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv qog.(4) Amino acid derivatives ua raws li qog inhibitors ntawm intermediates.(5) Amino-acid derivatives uas thim rov qab cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Amino acids thiab lawv cov derivatives rau kev siv:

(1) amino acids thiab lawv cov derivatives

Natural amino acids thiab derivatives.Methionine tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob siab, daim siab necrosis, thiab daim siab rog, thiab glutamate tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv daim siab coma, neurasthenia, thiab qaug dab peg.5-hydroxytryptophan.

(2) polypeptides thiab tshuaj protein

Cov tshuaj lom neeg yog tib yam, nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav molecular.Protein tshuaj: serum albumin, hom C. globulin, insulin;Cov tshuaj polypeptide: oxytocin, glucagon.

(3) enzymes thiab coenzyme tshuaj

Cov tshuaj enzyme tau muab faib ua cov enzymes digestive (pepsin, trypsin, malamylase), anti-inflammatory enzymes (lysozyme, trypsin), kab mob plawv kho enzyme (kinin tso tawm enzyme dilate cov hlab ntsha kom txo cov ntshav siab), thiab lwm yam. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm coenzymes hauv kev xa tawm. hydrogen, electron, thiab pab pawg hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic tau siv dav hauv kev kho mob ntawm daim siab thiab kab mob plawv.

(4) nucleic acids thiab lawv cov degraders thiab derivatives

DNA tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho mob hlwb, tsis muaj zog, thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, RNA yog siv rau kev kho mob ntxiv rau cov kab mob siab ntev, mob siab, thiab mob qog noj ntshav, thiab polynucleotides yog inducers ntawm interferon.

(5) cov tshuaj qab zib

Anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, antiviral, anti-antitumor, txhim khu kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv kev laus.

(6) lipid tshuaj

Phospholipids: Nepholipid, lecithin tuaj yeem siv los kho kab mob siab, kab mob plawv, thiab neurasthenia.Fatty acids txo cov ntshav rog, ntshav siab, thiab tiv thaiv lub siab rog.

(7) cell loj hlob yam

Interferons, interleukin, qog necrosis factor, thiab lwm yam.

(8)Bioproducts chav kawm

Kev npaj ncaj qha los ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg cov ntaub ntawv lossis ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem biotechnology niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog kev npaj rau kev tiv thaiv, kev kho mob, kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb lossis lwm yam kab mob.