Amino acids bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ma na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ihe ngosi nke ndụ.Site na ọganihu nke sayensị sayensị, na nghọta mmadụ banyere ọrụ physiological na ọrụ metabolic na ihe ndị dị ndụ, ọrụ dị mkpa nke amino acid dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ na-apụtawanye ìhè.Amino acid bụ ihe oriri nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe dị ezigbo mkpa maka nlanarị na mmepe, ma na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na nhazi usoro metabolism ihe na nnyefe ozi n'ime ahụ dị ndụ.

N'ime afọ 30 gara aga, enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu na nyocha, mmepe na ntinye nke amino acids, na nchọpụta ụdị amino acid ọhụrụ na ọnụọgụ sitere na ụdị 50 n'ime 1960s, ruo ugbu a karịrị ụdị 400.N'ihe banyere mmepụta, mmepụta amino acid nke ụwa bụ naanị 100,000 tọn, ugbu a awụlirila ọtụtụ nde tọn, ihe karịrị ijeri dollar 10.Ma e nwere ogologo mkpu site n'ịchọ n'ezie, nke ndị ọkachamara na-atụ anya iru $ 30 ijeri site na 2000. A na-eji Amino acid eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri mmadụ, ihe mgbakwunye nri, ihe mgbakwunye nri, ọgwụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ nri, ọrụ ugbo, ịzụ ụmụ anụmanụ. , ahụike mmadụ, nlekọta ahụike na ọtụtụ akụkụ ndị ọzọ.

Na mgbakwunye na ọganihu ngwa ngwa na teknụzụ mmepụta na ụzọ nke teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ amino acid na obodo na mba ọzọ, nhazi amino acid miri emi na mmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ bụ usoro ọzọ.Amino acid ngwaahịa mepụtara site na omenala protein na-agụnye ndị na-abụghị protein amino asịd, amino acid mmepụta, na obere peptides, a nnukwu klas nke esiwanye mkpa na ndụ mmadụ na mmepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche, nke na-enye n'ihu mmepe nke amino acid mmepụta nke. nnukwu ahịa, maka amino acids na ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya n'ime ume ọhụrụ.

N'ihe gbasara nkà mmụta ọgwụ, amino acid derivatives eji dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ ọgwụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ugbu a, ma na ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa imeju, ọrịa obi, ọnya afọ, ọnya, ọrịa akwara ozi, mgbochi mkpali akụkụ, na ọ dịghị ihe na-erughị ọtụtụ narị amino acid. A na-eji ọgwụ acid eme ihe maka ọgwụgwọ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, 4-hydroxyproline na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ịgwọ ịba ọcha n'anya na-adịghị ala ala na igbochi cirrhosis.N-acetyl-L-glutamine aluminom, dihydroxyl aluminum-L-histidine, histidine-vitamin u-methionine, N-acetyltryptophan aluminum, titanium, bismuth bụ ọgwụ niile dị irè maka ọrịa ọnya ọnya.N-diethyline-ethyl-N-acetylglutamatergic weghachi ike ọgwụgwụ, ọgwụgwọ na moto dysregulation nke ịda mbà n'obi na ọrịa cerebrovascular kpatara.Syngoguses nke La-methyl-β tyrosine na callose phenylalanine dehydroxylase, D-3-sulfhydryl-2-methyl acetyl-L proline, na diuretics, bụ ihe niile dị mma.Arginine aspirin, lysine aspirin, ha abụọ na-ejigide mmetụta analgesic aspirin, ma ọ pụkwara ibelata mmetụta ya.N-acetylcysteine ​​​​hydrochloride nwere mmetụta dị mma na bronchitis.Amino acid polymers na-aghọzi ihe ịwa ahụ ọhụrụ a na-eji na nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mkpuchi ọnya oyi akwa nke na-eṅomi akpụkpọ anụ ahụ nke a na-emepụta site na copolymerization nke leucine na esterified glutamate ma ọ bụ aspartate acid, ọnya ahụ nwere ike iji bandeeji na-enweghị isi n'ihu wee ghọọ akụkụ nke akpụkpọ ahụ.

Ọgwụ peptide bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke ngwa amino acid dị ka glutathione bụ ọgwụ dị irè maka ịgwọ ọrịa imeju, nsị ọgwụ, ọrịa nrịanrịa, na igbochi cataracts.Vasopressin, jikọtara ya na 9 amino acids, na-akwalite ọbara mgbali elu na ezigbo akwara na capillaries ma na-enwekwa mgbochi diuretic mmetụta.

Ihe mmepụta amino acid nwekwara ike ije ozi dị ka ọgwụ nje na antimicrobial synergists.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, N-acylated amino acids nke ọdụdụ ọdụdụ asịd mere, amino acid esters nke mmanya dị elu mere site na esterification, na N-acyl amino acid esters acylated amino acids nwere obere alcohols nwere nnukwu ụdịdị dị iche iche nke antibacterial ọrụ na gram-positive. na nje bacteria gram-adịghị mma, na-emekwa ihe na ebu, a na-ejikwa ya dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ na ihe nchekwa.Maka ihe atụ ọzọ, yana mgbakwunye amino acid na-emepụta na penicillin G na lysozyme, na karịsịa ịgbakwunye amino acid esters, penicillin G na lysozyme na-egosi ike antimicrobial na glycolytic siri ike.

A na-eji ọgwụ amino acid eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi antitumor dị ka (1) ọgwụ mgbochi neoplastic nwere amino acid dị ka ndị na-ebu, dị ka phenylalanine mọstad gas, L-valine, L-glutamate, L-lysine conjugate na phenylenediamine nitrogen mọstad.(2) Jiri usoro amino acid dị ka analọg nhazi nke amino acid achọrọ maka mkpụrụ ndụ etuto iji nweta ebumnuche mgbochi tumo, dị ka S-amino acid-L-cysteine.(3) ọgwụ mgbochi tumor nke ihe amino acid na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-egbochi enzyme.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, N-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate bụ mgbanwe ọnọdụ mgbanwe nke aspartate transaminophenase, nke nwere ike ịkwụsị pyrimidine nucleotide njikọ ụzọ iji nweta ebumnuche mgbochi tumor.(4) Ihe ndị na-emepụta amino acid na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi tumor nke etiti.(5) Amino-acid ewepụtara na-atụgharị mkpụrụ ndụ kansa.

Amino acid na usoro ha maka itinye:

(1) amino asịd na ihe ha si

Amino eke na amino acids na mmepụta.Methionine nwere ike igbochi ịba ọcha n'anya, necrosis imeju, na imeju abụba abụba, na glutamate nwere ike iji gbochie coma imeju, neurasthenia, na epilepsy.5-hydroxytryptophan.

(2) polypeptides na ọgwụ protein

Ọdịdị kemịkal bụ otu, yana ọdịiche dị na ịdị arọ molekụla.Ọgwụ protein: serum albumin, ụdị C. globulin, insulin;ọgwụ polypeptide: oxytocin, glucagon.

(3) enzymes na ọgwụ coenzyme

A na-ekewa ọgwụ enzymes n'ime enzymes digestive (pepsin, trypsin, malamylase), enzymes mgbochi mkpali (lysozyme, trypsin), ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ọrịa obi enzyme (kinin release enzyme gbasaa arịa ọbara iji belata ọbara mgbali), wdg. Ọrụ coenzymes na-ebuga. A na-eji hydrogen, electron, na otu dị iche iche na mmeghachi omume enzymatic eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa imeju na ọrịa obi.

(4) acid nucleic na ndị na-emebi ha na ihe ndị na-emepụta ha

Enwere ike iji DNA mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ azụ azụ nke uche, adịghị ike, na nguzogide radieshon, a na-eji RNA maka ọgwụgwọ adjuvant maka ịba ọcha n'anya, cirrhosis, na ọrịa imeju, na polynucleotides bụ ndị na-ebute interferon.

(5) ọgwụ shuga

Anticoagulant, egbugbere ọnụ-eweda ala, antiviral, mgbochi-antitumor, nkwalite ọrụ mgbochi ọrịa, na mgbochi ịka nká.

(6) ọgwụ egbugbere ọnụ

Phospholipids: Nepholipid, lecithin nwere ike iji na-agwọ ọrịa imeju, ọrịa obi obi, na neurasthenia.Fatty acids na-ebelata abụba ọbara, ọbara mgbali elu, na imeju na-egbochi abụba abụba.

(7) ihe na-akpata uto cell

Interferon, interleukin, ụbụrụ necrosis factor, wdg.

(8)Klas bioproducts

Nkwadebe ozugbo sitere na microorganisms, nje nje, anụmanụ na ihe mmadụ ma ọ bụ nke teknụzụ biotechnology nke oge a, ụzọ kemịkalụ dị ka nkwadebe maka mgbochi, ọgwụgwọ, nchoputa nke ọrịa na-efe efe kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ.