Amino acids akakosha zvikamu zvezvipenyu zvipenyu uye anoita basa rakakosha muzviitiko zvehupenyu.Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yebhayoloji, uye kunzwisisa kwemunhu kwemabasa emuviri uye mabasa emetabolism muzvinhu zvipenyu, akakosha mabasa ebhayoloji emaamino acids mune zvipenyu ave kuramba achijeka.Amino acids kudya kwezvipenyu, chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chekupona nekusimudzira, uye inoita basa rakakosha mukutonga kwemasabolism uye kutapurirana ruzivo mumuviri mupenyu.

Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, budiriro huru yakaitwa mukutsvagisa, kusimudzira, nekushandiswa kwemaamino acids, mukuwanikwa kwemhando itsva dzeamino acid nenhamba kubva kumhando makumi mashanu muma1960s, kusvika parizvino dzapfuura mazana mana emarudzi.Panyaya yekubuda, kugadzirwa kweamino acid pasi rose kwaingova 100,000 tons, iko zvino kwasvetuka mamirioni ematani, kubuda kweanopfuura mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora.Asi kune kuchema kwenguva refu kubva pakudiwa kwechokwadi, izvo nyanzvi dzinotarisira kusvika $ 30 bhiriyoni kusvika 2000. Amino acids anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekuwedzera kwezvokudya zvevanhu, seasoning additives, feed additives, mishonga, nezvimwewo mumhizha yezvokudya, kurima, kupfuya mhuka. , hutano hwevanhu, hutano, uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Pamusoro pekufambira mberi nekukurumidza muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye nzira dzeamino acid indasitiri tekinoroji munyika dzekunze nekunze, yakadzika amino acid kugadzirisa uye kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva ndeimwe maitiro.Zvigadzirwa zveamino acid zvakakura kubva kuprotein yechinyakare kusvika kusanganisa asiri-protein amino acids, amino acid derivatives, uye mapfupi peptides, kirasi hombe yebasa rinowedzera kukosha muhupenyu hwevanhu uye kugadzirwa kwemapoka ezvigadzirwa, izvo zvinopa kumwe kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwemaamino acid. musika wakakura, wemaamino acids uye maindasitiri ane hukama kuita hunyoro hutsva.

Panyaya yemushonga, maamino acid anobuda anoshandiswa semishonga yekiriniki parizvino ari kushanda, mukurapa kwezvirwere zvechiropa, chirwere chemwoyo, chirwere cheronda, maronda, chirwere chetsinga, anti-inflammatory aspects, uye hapana asingasviki mazana emaamino. acid derivatives inoshandiswa pakurapa.Semuenzaniso, 4-hydroxyproline inoshanda zvikuru mukurapa chisingaperi hepatitis uye kudzivirira cirrhosis.N-acetyl-L-glutamine aluminium, dihydroxyl aluminium-L-histidine, histidine-vitamin u-methionine, N-acetyltryptophan aluminium, titanium, bismuth yose mishonga inoshanda yechirwere chechirwere chechirwere.N-diethyline-ethyl-N-acetylglutamatergic inodzorera kuneta, kurapa uye motokari dysregulation inokonzerwa nekuora mwoyo uye cerebrovascular disorders.Ma syngoguses eLa-methyl- β tyrosine ane callose phenylalanine dehydroxylase, D-3-sulfhydryl-2-methyl acetyl-L proline, uye diuretics, zvose zvakanaka zvakanyanya.Arginine aspirin, lysine aspirin, zvose zvinochengetedza aspirin analgesic effect, asiwo zvinogona kuderedza migumisiro.N-acetylcysteine ​​hydrochloride ine hunyanzvi hwekuita pabronchitis.Amino acid mapolima ave kuita chinhu chitsva chekuvhiya chiri kushandiswa mumakiriniki ekuyedzwa.Semuyenzaniso, ane akaturikidzana ronda kuputira kutevedzera echisikigo ganda rakaumbwa copolymerization of leucine uye esterified glutamate kana aspartate asidhi, ronda anogona bhandeji pasina mamwe unwinding uye kuva chikamu ganda.

Mishonga yePeptide zvakare chinhu chakakosha cheamino acid zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, senge glutathione mushonga unoshanda wekurapa chirwere chechiropa, chepfu yezvinodhaka, allergic zvirwere, uye kudzivirira cataract.Vasopressin, yakasanganiswa ne9 amino acids, inosimudzira BP mutsinga dzakanaka nemacapillaries uye inewo anti-diuretic effect.

Amino acid derivatives inogonawo kushanda semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye antimicrobial synergists.Semuyenzaniso, N-acylated amino acids inogadzirwa ne-refu-chain fatty acids, amino acids esters yakagadzirwa nedoro rakakwirira kuburikidza ne esterification, uye N-acyl amino acid esters acylated amino acids ane doro rakaderera ane hupamhi hwakawanda hwemabasa ekudzivirira mabhakitiriya pa gram-positive. uye giremu-negative mabhakitiriya, uyewo anoita pane mold, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya seanoshanda amiririri uye anochengetedza.Kune mumwe muenzaniso, pamwe nekuwedzera kweamino acid kubva kune penicillin G uye lysozyme, uye kunyanya kuwedzera amino acid esters, penicillin G uye lysozyme inoratidza yakasimba antimicrobial uye glycolytic masimba.

Amino acid derivatives yakashandiswa zvakanyanya semishonga inorwisa antitumor yakadai se (1) anti-neoplastic zvinodhaka zvine amino acids sevatakuri, zvakadai se phenylalanine mustard gas, L-valine, L-glutamate, L-lysine conjugate ne phenylenediamine nitrogen yemasitadhi.(2) Shandisa amino asidhi inobuda seanorongedzerwa amino acids anodiwa kune bundu maseru kuti awane anti-bundu zvinangwa, seS-amino acid-L-cysteine.(3) Anti-tumor mishonga yeamino acid derivatives inoshanda se enzyme inhibitors.Semuenzaniso, N-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate is a transition status inhibitor ye aspartate transaminophenase, iyo inogona kukanganisa pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis nzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekurwisa bundu.(4) Amino acid derivatives inoshanda se tumor inhibitors yepakati.(5) Amino-asidhi inotorwa inodzoreredza cancer maseru.

Amino acids uye zvinobva kwavari zvekushandisa:

(1) amino acids uye zvinobva kwavari

Natural amino uye amino acids uye zvinobva.Methionine inogona kudzivirira hepatitis, chiropa necrosis, uye mafuta echiropa, uye glutamate inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira chiropa coma, neurasthenia, uye pfari.5-hydroxytryptophan.

(2) polypeptides uye mapuroteni zvinodhaka

Kemikari hunhu hwakafanana, nekusiyana kwehuremu hwema molecular.Mapuroteni zvinodhaka: serum albumin, marudzi C. globulin, insulin;polypeptide mishonga: oxytocin, glucagon.

(3) enzymes uye coenzyme zvinodhaka

Mishonga yeEnzyme yakakamurwa kuita digestive enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, malamylase), anti-inflammatory enzymes (lysozyme, trypsin), cardiovascular disease treatment enzyme (kinin release enzyme dilate tsinga dzeropa kuderedza BP), etc. Mabasa ecoenzymes mukupa. hydrogen, maerekitironi, uye mapoka ari mukuita enzymatic akashandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa chirwere chechiropa uye chirwere chemwoyo.

(4) nucleic acids uye zvinodzikisira uye zvinobva kwavari

DNA inogona kushandiswa kurapa kuderera kwepfungwa, kupera simba, uye kuramba nemwaranzi, RNA inoshandiswa pakurapa kwechirwere chehepatitis, cirrhosis, uye kenza yechiropa, uye polynucleotides inducers ye interferon.

(5) shuga mishonga

Anticoagulant, lipid-kudzikisa, antiviral, anti-antitumor, inovandudza immune function, uye anti-kuchembera.

(6) lipid mushonga

Phospholipids: Nepholipid, lecithin inogona kushandiswa kurapa chirwere chechiropa, chirwere chemwoyo, uye neurasthenia.Fatty acids inoderedza mafuta eropa, BP, uye anti-fatty chiropa.

(7) sero kukura chinhu

Interferon, interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, nezvimwewo.

(8)Bioproducts kirasi

Kugadzirira kwakananga kubva kuhutachiona, zvipembenene, mhuka uye zvinhu zvevanhu kana kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano biotechnology, nzira dzemakemikari segadziriro yekudzivirira, kurapwa, kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvinotapukira kana zvimwe zvirwere.