Khaolo ea I, kakaretso ea indasteri

I. Pharmaceutical intermediates industry: the crossover industry of chemical industry and medicine

Li-intermediate tsa meriana ke lintho tse lipakeng tsa ts'ebetso ea API synthesis, k'hemik'hale e ntle ea meriana, e sa hlokeng laesense ea tlhahiso ea lithethefatsi bakeng sa tlhahiso, e ka aroloa ho ipapisitsoe le phello ea boleng ba ho qetela ba API ho ba mahareng ba bao e seng ba GMP le ba GMP. tlas'a litlhoko tsa GMP tse hlalositsoeng ke ICHQ7).

Indasteri ea lipakeng tsa meriana e bua ka likhoebo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisang le ho sebetsana le li-organic/inorganic intermediates kapa litlhare tse tala bakeng sa likhoebo tsa meriana ka mekhoa ea maiketsetso ea lik'hemik'hale kapa ea biosynthetic tlasa maemo a thata a boleng.

(1) Mekhatlo e ka hare ea meriana e ka aroloa ka liindasteri tsa CRO le CMO.

CMO: Contract ManufacturingOrganisation e bua ka moetsi oa konteraka ea tšepetsoeng, ho bolelang hore k'hamphani ea meriana e fana ka sehokelo sa tlhahiso ho molekane.Letoto la khoebo la indasteri ea meriana ea CMO hangata le qala ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa lihlahisoa tsa meriana.Likhamphani tsa indasteri li hloka ho reka lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa lik'hemik'hale ebe li li arola ka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa meriana, 'me ho e lokisa butle-butle ho tla theha lisebelisoa tsa ho qala tsa API, li-intermediate tsa cGMP, API le litokisetso.Hona joale, lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa machaba tsa meriana li atisa ho theha likamano tsa nako e telele tsa leano le bafani ba 'maloa ba mantlha,' me ho phela ha lik'hamphani tsa indasteri ho hlakile ka balekane ba bona.

CRO: Mokhatlo oa Lipatlisiso oa Konteraka (Clinical) o bua ka setsi sa lipatlisiso sa konteraka se laetsoeng moo lik'hamphani tsa meriana li fanang ka sehokelo sa lipatlisiso ho balekane.Hona joale, indasteri e haholo-holo ho tlhahiso customized, ho etsa lipatlisiso customized le ntshetsopele le ho etsa lipatlisiso meriana konteraka, thekiso e le tšebelisano-'moho ka sehloohong, ho sa tsotellehe tsela efe, ho sa tsotellehe meriana intermediates lihlahisoa ke lihlahisoa tse ncha, ahlola tlholisano ea mantlha ea khoebo e ntse e le ho etsa lipatlisiso. le thekenoloji ea nts'etsopele e le ntho ea pele, lehlakore le bonts'itsoeng e le bareki ba tlase kapa balekane ba k'hamphani.

(2) Ho tloha sehlopheng sa mefuta ea khoebo, likhoebo tsa lipakeng li ka aroloa ka mokhoa o akaretsang le mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng.

Ka kakaretso, bahlahisi ba mahareng ba banyenyane le ba mahareng ba nka mokhoa o akaretsang, 'me bareki ba bona hangata ke bahlahisi ba litlhare tse tloaelehileng, athe bahlahisi ba baholo ba mahareng ba nang le bokhoni bo matla ba ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ba amohela mokhoa o ikhethileng bakeng sa likhoebo tse ncha tsa lithethefatsi.Mohlala o hlophisitsoeng o ka ntlafatsa viscosity ka katleho le bareki.

Tlas'a mofuta oa sehlahisoa se akaretsang, likhoebo li khetholla litlhoko tse akaretsang tsa bareki ba bangata ho latela sephetho sa lipatlisiso tsa mebaraka le ho etsa mesebetsi e ikhethileng ea khoebo joalo ka lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le thekiso e le qalo.Ka mantsoe a mang, pele ho ts'ebetso e ikhethileng ea khoebo, ha ho kamano e tiileng ea bareki e ileng ea thehoa lipakeng tsa khoebo le bareki ba sechaba.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ts'ebetsong ea ho etsa mesebetsi e itseng ea khoebo, likhoebo ka kakaretso li boloka puisano e tloaelehileng le bareki ba sechaba ho netefatsa hore litlhoko tse akaretsang tsa bareki ba sechaba lia fihlelleha.Ka hona, thekiso ea lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng ke lihlahisoa tsa pele tse akaretsang, ebe bareki ba bangata.Mokhoa oa khoebo o ipapisitse le lihlahisoa tse akaretsang le mantlha, mme khoebo le bareki ba sechaba ke kamano e hlephileng ea bareki.Indastering ea meriana, mofuta oa lihlahisoa tse akaretsang o sebetsa haholo ho lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le thekiso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana, API le litokisetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng.

Ka mokhoa oa ho iketsetsa, bareki ba ikhethileng ba fana ka tlhahisoleseding ea lekunutu ho khoebo ka mor'a ho saena tumellano ea lekunutu le khoebo, le ho hlakisa litlhoko tsa ho itlhophisa. Khoebo e qala ka litlhoko tse ikhethileng tsa bareki ba ikhethileng ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso, thekiso le tse ling. mesebetsi e itseng ea khoebo.Ke ho re, pele ba etsa mesebetsi e itseng ea khoebo, likhoebo li thehile likamano tse itseng tsa bareki le bareki ba itlhophiselitsoeng.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ts'ebetsong ea ho etsa mesebetsi e itseng ea khoebo, likhoebo li hloka ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele, ea litsela tse peli. puisano e tebileng le bareki ba hlophisitsoeng ho etsa bonnete ba hore litlhoko tse hlophisitsoeng tsa bareki ba hlophisitsoeng likarolong tsohle.Ka hona, thekiso ea lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ke bareki ba ikhethileng, ebe lihlahisoa tse hlophisitsoeng.Mokhoa oa khoebo o ipapisitse le bareki le mantlha, 'me ho na le likamano tse haufi tsa bareki pakeng tsa khoebo le bareki ba ikhethileng le litokisetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa lithethefatsi tse ncha.

II.Melao le litaelo tse amanang le indasteri

Li-intermediate tsa meriana ke tsa indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, empa li thata ho feta lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse akaretsang. moeli bakeng sa baetsi ba lipakeng.

E le khoebo e hlophisitsoeng ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea li-intermediate tsa meriana, mesebetsi ea eona ea tlhahiso e hatelloa ke Molao oa Tšireletso ea Tikoloho oa People's Republic of China, Molao oa People's Republic of China mabapi le Tšireletseho ea Mosebetsi, Molao oa Boleng ba Sehlahisoa oa People's Republic of China. China le melao le melaoana e meng.

Indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale ke lekala la bohlokoa la indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale ea China.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mmuso o ile oa pheta ts'ehetso ea ona bakeng sa indasteri e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale litokomaneng tse ngata tsa lenaneo.The downstream biomedical industry of pharmaceutical intermediates e boetse e le e 'ngoe ea liindasteri tse ntseng li tsoela pele tsa leano tse ntlafalitsoeng ka matla ke naha.

Ⅲ, litšitiso tsa indasteri

1. litšitiso tsa bareki

Indasteri ea meriana e laoloa ke likhoebo tse 'maloa tsa machaba tsa meriana.Li-oligarchs tsa bongaka li hlokolosi haholo ha li khetha bafani ba litšebeletso tsa kantle ho naha, 'me nako ea tlhahlobo ea bafepedi ba bacha ka kakaretso e telele.Likhoebo tsa lipakeng tsa meriana li hloka ho kopana le mekhoa ea puisano ea bareki ba fapaneng,' me ba hloka ho amohela nako e telele ea tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ho fumana ts'epo ea bareki ba tlase, ebe joale ba fetoha barekisi ba bona ba mantlha.

2. mokoallo botekgeniki

Hore na ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa boleng bo phahameng ba boleng bo phahameng ke motheo oa lits'ebeletso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa pharmaceutical outsourcing.Likhoebo tse mahareng tsa meriana li hloka ho phunyeletsa tšitiso ea tekheniki kapa thibelo ea tsela ea mantlha le ho fana ka mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea meriana, e le ho fokotsa moriana ka nepo. litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso

3. litšitiso tsa talenta

Boqapi ba thekenoloji le ts'ebetso ea indasteri ea theknoloji ea meriana e hloka palo e kholo ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, litalenta tsa taolo ea tlhahiso le basebetsi ba phethahatso ea morero D le sehlopha se phahameng sa tlhahiso ka nako e khuts'oane.

4. lithibelo tsa taolo ea boleng

Indasteri ea mahareng e itšetlehile haholo ka limmaraka tsa kantle ho naha.Ka litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa tlhokomelo ea boleng tse ntseng li eketseha tsa FDA, EMA le mekhatlo e meng e laolang lithethefatsi, lihlahisoa tse sa kang tsa feta tlhahlobo ea lichelete li ke ke tsa kena 'marakeng oa naha ea kantle ho naha.

5. litšitiso tsa taolo ea tikoloho

Indasteri ea lipakeng ke ea indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me e hloka ho hlahisoa ho latela maemo a naha a tlhokomelo ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho bakeng sa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale. tshilafalo, tshebediso e phahameng ya matla le dihlahiswa tse ekeditsweng ka boleng bo tlase di tla tobana le ho fediswa ka potlako.

IV.Mabaka a kotsi a indasteri

1.Kotsi ea khatello e amanang le bareki

Ka mohlala, joalokaha e ka bonoa ho tsoa ho prospectus ea likarolo tsa Boteng, moreki oa eona e moholo ka ho fetisisa ke Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical, e etsang chelete e fetang 60% ea chelete, ketsahalo ena e ka boela ea fumanoa ho bafani ba bohareng ba kang Yaben Chemical.

2. Kotsi ea Tikoloho

1. Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, tlhahiso le thekiso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana, indasteri ke ea indasteri e ntle ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale.Ho ea ka lipehelo tse amehang tsa tokomane ea Huanfa [2003] No.101, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale e khethiloe e le tšilafalo e matla.

3. kotsi ea sekhahla sa phapanyetsano, kotsi ea phokotso ea lekhetho kantle ho naha

Indasteri ea lipakeng tsa meriana e itšetlehile haholo ka khoebo ea ho romela kantle, kahoo tokiso ea sekhahla sa phapanyetsano le phokotso ea lekhetho la kantle ho naha e tla ba le tšusumetso e itseng indastering eohle.

4. Kotsi ea ho fetoha ha theko ea thepa e tala

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Indasteri ea mahareng e na le thepa e tala e kholo le e hasaneng e hlokoang ke indasteri e mahareng.Indasteri ea eona e holimo ke indasteri ea mantlha ea lik'hemik'hale, e tla angoa ke ho feto-fetoha ha litheko tsa thepa e tala ho kenyeletsoa le litheko tsa oli.(ela hloko papiso e otlolohileng ea litheko tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa k'hamphani e shebiloeng.)

5. kotsi ea lekunutu ea tekheniki

Tlholisano ea mantlha ea lik'hamphani tse mahareng tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa theknoloji e bonts'oa ts'ebetsong ea lik'hemik'hale, khetho ea mantlha le taolo ea ts'ebetso, athe mahlale a mang a bohlokoa a na le sebopeho se phahameng sa monopolistic, 'me theknoloji ea mantlha ke e' ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tlhahisong le ts'ebetsong ea k'hamphani. .

6. lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji ka likotsi tse nakong

7. botekgeniki boko drain kotsi

Khaolo ea II, Maemo a Marakeng

I. Bokhoni ba indasteri

Ho ea ka China Market Survey Network "2015-2020 Future Market Potential and Investment Strategy Research Report" e bontša hore China Medical intermediates Industry Analysis China Market Survey Network bahlahlobisisi ba bontšitse hore Chaena e hloka mefuta e fetang 2,000 ea lisebelisoa tse tala le li-intermediates tse tšehetsang lik'hemik'hale. indasteri selemo se seng le se seng, ka tlhokahalo ea lithane tse fetang limilione tse 2.5. Ka mor'a lilemo tse fetang 30 tsa tsoelo-pele, lisebelisoa tse tala tsa lik'hemik'hale le li-intermediate tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana ea Chaena li ka lumellana hantle, 'me ke likarolo tse seng kae feela tse lokelang ho romeloa linaheng tse ling.Ho feta moo, ka lebaka la ho mehlodi e ruileng ya China le ditheko tse tlase tsa thepa e tala, batho ba bangata ba mahareng ba fihletse palo e kgolo ya diyantle.

Ho ea ka "Fine Chemical Pharmaceutical Intermediates Industry Analysis Report" e lokollotsoeng ke Qilu Securities ka 2013, ka lebaka la ho falla ha tlhahiso ea meriana ho ea Asia, lihlahisoa tsa China tsa tlhahiso ea meriana li na le melemo e totobetseng, 'me li lebelletsoe ho hola ka sekhahla sa selemo le selemo sa 18. % (karolelano ea kholo ea kholo ea lefats'e ea hoo e ka bang 12%). Litšenyehelo tsa lefats'e tsa meriana li ntse li fokotseha, ho phahama ha litšenyehelo tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, ho fokotsa palo ea lithethefatsi tse ncha le tlhōlisano ea lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng e ntse e eketseha, lik'hamphani tsa meriana li tobana le khatello e habeli. ho arola mesebetsi le tlhahiso ea mesebetsi ea kantle ho naha e fetoha mokhoa oa The Times, ka selemo sa 2017 boleng ba 'maraka oa tlhahiso ea kantle ho naha bo tla fihla ho $ 63 bilione, CAGR12%.Litsenyehelo tsa ho etsa thepa Chaena li tlase ho 30-50% ho feta tsa Europe le United States, tlhokahalo ea 'maraka e boloka kholo e phahameng, litšebeletso tsa motheo li molemo ho feta India le pokello ea litalenta tse ngata, empa ka tlaase ho FDA e tiisitsoeng API le litokisetso, Ka hona, ho ahloloa hore Chaena e tla tsoela pele ho etella pele indastering ea meriana. 6% ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e ka bophara, empa e tla hola ho $5 bilione ho 18% lilemong tse hlano tse tlang.

Ⅱ.litšobotsi tsa indasteri

1.Bongata ba likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ke likhoebo tsa poraefete, ts'ebetso e feto-fetohang, tekanyo e nyane ea matsete, ha e le hantle lipakeng tsa limilione tse 'maloa ho isa ho 1 kapa li-yuan tse limilione tse 2;

2.Kabo ea libaka tsa likhoebo tsa tlhahiso e batla e tsepamisitsoe, haholo-holo e ajoa libakeng tse nang le Zhejiang Taizhou le Jiangsu Jintan e le setsi;

3.Ka tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha ea mathata a tikoloho ho mathata a tikoloho, khatello ea likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea ho haha ​​​​libaka tsa phekolo ea tikoloho ea eketseha;(ela hloko kotlo, ho latela)

4.Lintlafatso tsa lihlahisoa li potlakile haholo.Lilemo tse hlano ka mor'a hore sehlahisoa se be teng ka kakaretso' marakeng, phaello ea phaello ea eona e theoha haholo, e leng se qobellang likhoebo ho lula li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ncha kapa ho lula li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, e le ho boloka phaello e phahameng ea tlhahiso;

5.Hobane phaello ea tlhahiso ea li-intermediate tsa meriana e phahame ho feta lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea bobeli e tšoana, kahoo lik'hamphani tse ngata tse nyenyane tsa lik'hemik'hale li ikopantse le lihlopha tsa lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa meriana, tse lebisang tlhōlisanong e ntseng e eketseha e sa laoleheng indastering. ;

6.Ha e bapisoa le API, phaello ea phaello ea lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa e tlaase, 'me mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea API le li-intermediates tsa meriana li tšoana.Ka hona, likhoebo tse ling ha li hlahise li-intermediate feela, empa hape li sebelisa melemo ea tsona ho hlahisa API.

III.Tataiso ea ntlafatso ea nako e tlang ea indasteri ea lipakeng

1. mahloriso a indasteri lefatšeng ka bophara le Chaena a tlase, 'me CMO ea China le CRO li ntse li na le sebaka se seholo sa kholo.

Indasteri ea mahloriso e tlase lefats'eng le Chaena. Li-intermediates tsa Pharmaceutical ha li felle feela ka tšireletso ea patent, 'me ha li hloke setifikeiti sa GMP, kahoo moeli oa ho kena o batla o le tlase, mme ho na le lihlahisoa tse ngata.Ka hona, lefats'e le Chaena, khatello ea indasteri e tlase, 'me ho ntšoa ha li-intermediates tsa meriana ha ho joalo.

Lefatšeng ka bophara: CMO ea 2010 e holimo ka ho fetisisa ea meriana ea 2010 e eme ka tlase ho 30%, tse tharo tse holimo ke Lonza Switzerland(Switzerland), Catalent(USA) le BoehringerIngelheim(Jeremane).Lonza,, e leng k'hamphani e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea CMO, e fumane li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 11.7 ka 2011, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 6% feela ea CMO ea lefats'e.

2. lihlahisoa li fapanyetsana 'me li atoloha ho fihlela qetellong ea ketane ea indasteri

Ka ho feletseng ho tloha tlhahiso e pharaletseng ea li-intermediate tse tlaase ho ea ho lihlahisoa tse ntle tse phahameng tsa bohareng, 'me li atolose ho ea libakeng tse ling tsa litšebeletso tsa bongaka.Sena se na le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tsamaiso le matla a theknoloji ea k'hamphani, empa hape e hloka ho bokella botumo ba bareki, le tšebelisano-'moho. nako e boetse e na le tšusumetso e kholo botebong ba tšebelisano.

3. nka lits'ebeletso tsa ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa litsebi

Letoto la indasteri ea litšebeletso tsa kantle ho naha le ntse le tsoela pele ho hola, ho etsa lits'ebeletso tsa ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa R&D kantle ho naha (CMO + CRO): ho tloha ho CMO ho ea holimo, le ho etsa litšebeletso tsa CRO (ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa R&D), tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa theknoloji le lipatlisiso tsa k'hamphani. matla a ntshetsopele.

4. e lebisa tlhokomelo ho meriana, ho hlasela API le litokisetso tse ka tlaase ho li-intermediates

5. e sebetsa ka botebo le bareki ba kholo ho arolelana litholoana tsa kholo e tloaelehileng le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba mantlha

Khatello ea indasteri ea meriana e tlase haholo ho feta ea indasteri ea meriana, 'me tlhoko ea kamoso e tsoa haholo ho bareki ba baholo: ho latela pono ea mahloriso, indasteri ea meriana ea lefats'e e phahame (maikutlo a lik'hamphani tse leshome tse holimo tsa lefats'e tsa meriana ke 41.9 %), e leng se etsang hore tlhokeho e ka sehloohong ea CMO ea lipakeng e tsoa ho linatla tsa machaba.Tekanyo ea mahloriso ea indasteri e mahareng ke 20% feela, matla a ho buisana a fokola, mme tataiso ea nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang e tla boela e be ea nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea meriana. Linatla tsa machaba tsa meriana ke mohloli o moholo oa tlhokahalo ea hona joale le ea nakong e tlang.Ho notlela bareki ba baholo ho shebisisa litlhoko tsa nako e tlang.

Khaolo ea III ea Likhoebo tse Amanang le Indasteri

I. Lik'hamphani tse thathamisitsoeng indastering ea mahareng

1, Theknoloji ea Medialization

Khamphani e etelletseng pele ea tlhahiso e ikhethileng: Lianhua Technology ke khoebo e etelletseng pele tlhahisong e ikhethileng ea meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana le meriana Chaena, 'me karolo ea tlhahiso e ikhethileng e ntse e eketseha selemo le selemo.

Melemo ea tekheniki: mokhoa oa oxidation oa ammonia o hlahisa theknoloji ea motheo ea nitrile, ka ts'ebeliso ea li-catalyst tse ncha le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa tlhahiso, theknoloji e fihla boemong bo etelletseng pele ba machabeng, litšenyehelo tse tlase mme ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ha e na chefo.

2, Jacob Chemical

Customstom tlhahiso ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le meriana e tsoetseng pele ea meriana.Likokoana-hloko tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko ke tsona tse ka sehloohong tse lipakeng tsa BPP ea kokoana-hloko ea chloroworm benzoamide le CHP, eo ho eona CHP e leng selelekela sa BPP. mefuta e menyane.

Bareki ba ka sehloohong ba k'hamphani ke linatla tsa lichaba tse ngata, tseo har'a tsona lihlahisoa tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e leng DuPont, 'me li-intermediate tsa meriana ke Teva le Roche.Mokhoa oa tloaelo o ntlafatsa likamano tsa bareki le ho notlela litlhoko tse tlase.Nka tšebelisano' moho le DuPont e le mohlala. ea DuPont, tšebelisano-'moho e hahile motheo o tiileng oa ho tšepana le litšitiso tsa ho kena ka lilemo tse ngata, 'me botebo ba tšebelisano-'moho bo 'nile ba ntlafatsoa khafetsa.

3, Wanchang Technology

Wanchang Technology ke 'mampoli ea sa bonahaleng lefapheng la li-intermediates tsa meriana ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.Lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa mantlha ke trimethyl proformate le trimethyl proformate.Ka 2009, karolo ea 'maraka oa lefats'e e ne e le 21.05% le 29.25% ka ho latellana, ho etsa hore e be mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.

Theknoloji e ikhethang, phaello e pharalletseng ea phaello e phahameng, e na le litšobotsi tsa boleng bo holimo le chai, matsete a fokolang, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea moruo. Hajoale, indasteri ea protoformate ea lefats'e e phethile oligopoly e ncha, bahlolisani ha ba atolose tlhahiso. Khamphani e na le melemo e mengata ea tlholisano. , tšebeliso ea tlhahiso ea patent ea mokhoa oa "litšila tsa khase ea hydrocyanic acid", tlhōlisano e matla.

4, Boteng Shares

Sehlopha sa mantlha sa tekheniki, se nang le melemo e hlakileng ea lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, se ka fana ka lits'ebeletso tse kopaneng tsa R&D le tlhahiso, 'me e be li-intermediates tsa sehlopha sa pele tsa meriana tse etselitsoeng tlhahiso le lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele enterprise.It haholo-holo ho fana ka lipatlisiso tsa li-intermediates tsa meriana tse hlophisitsoeng. , lits'ebeletso tsa nts'etsopele le tlhahiso bakeng sa lik'hamphani tsa machaba tsa meriana le meriana e ncha ea biopharmaceutical, e bapisoang le maemo a sepheo sa bobeli le se setle.

1.Sehlopha se na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele (ho kenyelletsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele, ha se bohle ba ka kenang indastering ena. Re lokela ho ela hloko lilemo tsa sehlopha le sebopeho sa thuto le phihlelo e fetileng);

2. e hlahisitse lihlahisoa, tse tsamaellanang le bareki ba lithethefatsi tse tloaelehileng kapa tse ncha (boemo ba patent ea boqapi, seo bareki ba khoebo ba nang le sona, lihlahisoa tsa meriana tse tsamaellanang tse felileng, lipontšo ke eng, le matla a 'maraka a matšoao);

3. lipheo li na le bokhoni ba ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse ikhethileng, kapa esita le ho CRO kapa CMO, ho fapana le ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa generic;(li kanna tsa tsoela pele ho ea indastering ea meriana e tlase, empa li hloka tšehetso ea capital le brand)

4.Ho latela lipehelo ho lokile, 'me ha ho kotlo e tsoang ho ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, meetlo le balaoli ba lekhetho.

Referense:

(1) <>, People's Health Press, khatiso ea 8th, March 2013;

(2)Boteng shares: IPO public offer and listed on the Growth Enterprise Board prospectus;

(3) UBS Gene: —— <>, Motsheanong 2015;

(4)Guorui Pharmaceutical: "Indasteri ea Pharmaceutical Interbody eo u sa e tsebeng";

(5)Yaben Chemical: IPO le ho thathamisa prospectus ho Boto ea Khoebo ea Growth;

(6) Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Alliance:<< Patlisiso e Tebileng le Tlhahlobo ea Tebello ea Maraka ea Indasteri ea Pharmaceutical Interbody>>, Mmesa 2016;

(7) Qilu Securities: <>”.Likhampani tse leshome le motso o mong ho tse 15 tse holimo li thehile likamano le bareki.