Ii-amino acids ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphilayo kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizinto ezenzeka ebomini.Ngenkqubela phambili yenzululwazi yebhayoloji, kunye nokuqonda komntu imisebenzi yefiziyoloji kunye nemisebenzi yemetabolism kwizinto eziphilayo, imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yebhayoloji yee-amino acids kwizinto eziphilayo iye yacaca ngakumbi nangakumbi.Ii-amino acids sisondlo sezinto eziphilayo, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubomi kunye nophuhliso, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwemetabolism kunye nokuhanjiswa kolwazi kumzimba ophilayo.

Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, inkqubela ebonakalayo yenziwe kuphando, uphuhliso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-amino acids, ekufumaneni iintlobo ezintsha ze-amino acid kunye namanani ukusuka kwiindidi ezingama-50 kwiminyaka yee-1960, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kudlule iindidi ezingama-400.Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, imveliso ye-amino acid yehlabathi yayiziitoni ezili-100,000 kuphela, ngoku iye yatsiba izigidi zeetoni, imveliso engaphezu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Kodwa kukho ukukhala okude kwimfuno yokwenyani, apho iingcali zilindele ukufikelela kwi-30 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2000. I-amino acids isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezongezo zesondlo somntu, izongezo ze-seasoning, izongezo zokutya, amayeza, njalo njalo kwishishini lokutya, ezolimo, ukufuya izilwanyana. , impilo yabantu, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi.

Ukongeza kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo kwitekhnoloji yemveliso kunye neendlela zetekhnoloji yoshishino lwe-amino acid kumazwe asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ukusetyenzwa okunzulu kwe-amino acid kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso entsha yenye indlela.Iimveliso ze-amino acid ziye zaphuhliswa ukusuka kwiprotheni yemveli ukuya kubandakanywa ne-non-protein amino acids, i-amino acid derivatives, kunye neepeptides ezimfutshane, iklasi enkulu yendima ebalulekileyo ebomini bomntu kunye namaqela emveliso yemveliso, ebonelela ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwemveliso ye-amino acid. imakethi enkulu, yee-amino acids kunye nemizi-mveliso ehambelana nayo ibe ngamandla amatsha.

Ngokwamayeza, izinto eziphuma kwi-amino acid ezisetyenziswa njengamachiza eklinikhi ziyasebenza ngoku, zombini kunyango lwezifo zesibindi, izifo zentliziyo, izifo zentliziyo, izifo zezilonda zesisu, izilonda, izifo zemithambo-luvo, imiba yokuchasana nokudumba, kwaye akukho ngaphantsi kwamakhulu ee-amino. izinto zeasidi ezisetyenziselwa unyango.Ngokomzekelo, i-4-hydroxyproline iyasebenza kakhulu ekuphatheni i-hepatitis engapheliyo kunye nokukhusela i-cirrhosis.I-N-acetyl-L-glutamine i-aluminium, i-dihydroxyl aluminium-L-histidine, i-histidine-vitamin u-methionine, i-N-acetyltryptophan aluminium, i-titanium, i-bismuth zonke iziyobisi ezisebenzayo kwisifo sokulwa ne-ulcerative.I-N-diethyline-ethyl-N-acetylglutamatergic ibuyisela ukudinwa, ukunyanga kunye ne-motor dysregulation okubangelwa ukudakumba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-cerebrovascular.I-syngoguses ye-La-methyl- β tyrosine kunye ne-calose phenylalanine dehydroxylase, i-D-3-sulfhydryl-2-methyl acetyl-L proline, kunye ne-diuretics, zonke ziyi-intensives ezilungileyo.I-Arginine aspirin, i-lysine aspirin, zombini igcina i-aspirin ye-analgesic effect, kodwa inokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.I-N-acetylcysteine ​​hydrochloride inokusebenza kakuhle kwi-bronchitis.Iipolima ze-amino acid ngoku ziba yinto entsha yotyando esetyenziswa kulingo lwezonyango.Umzekelo, kunye nokusonga kwenxeba elileleyo elilinganisa ulusu lwendalo olwenziwe yi-copolymerization ye-leucine kunye ne-esterified glutamate okanye i-aspartate acid, inxeba linokubotshwa ngaphandle kokukhulula ngakumbi kwaye libe yinxalenye yolusu.

Amachiza e-Peptide nawo ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ze-amino acid, ezifana ne-glutathione lichiza elisebenzayo lokunyanga isifo sesibindi, ityhefu yeziyobisi, izifo ezibangelwa yi-allergies, kunye nokukhusela i-cataract.I-Vasopressin, idibaniswe ne-9 amino acids, ikhuthaza uxinzelelo lwegazi kwi-arteries emihle kunye ne-capillaries kwaye ine-anti-diuretic effect.

I-amino acid derivatives inokusebenza njenge-antibiotics kunye ne-antimicrobial synergists.Ngokomzekelo, i-N-acylated amino acids eyenziwe ngama-acids e-long-chain fatty acids, i-amino acids esters eyenziwe yi-alcohols ephezulu ngokusebenzisa i-esterification, kunye ne-N-acyl amino acid esters acylated amino acids kunye ne-alcohols ephantsi ine-spectrum ebanzi yemisebenzi ye-antibacterial kwi-gram-positive. kunye neebhaktheriya zegram-negative, kwaye zisebenza kwakhona kwi-mold, kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengee-agent ezisebenzayo kunye nezigcini.Omnye umzekelo, kunye nokongezwa kwe-amino acid derivatives kwi-penicillin G kunye ne-lysozyme, kwaye ngokukodwa ukongeza i-amino acid esters, i-penicillin G kunye ne-lysozyme ibonisa imikhosi eqinile ye-antimicrobial kunye ne-glycolytic.

I-amino acid derivatives isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengeziyobisi ezichasayo ezifana ne- (1) i-anti-neoplastic drug kunye ne-amino acids njengabathwali, njenge-phenylalanine mustard gas, L-valine, L-glutamate, L-lysine conjugate kunye ne-phenylenediamine nitrogen mustard.(2) Sebenzisa i-amino acid derivatives njenge-analogs yesakhiwo se-amino acids efunekayo kwiiseli ze-tumor ukuphumeza iinjongo ezichasene ne-tumor, njenge-S-amino acid-L-cysteine.(3) Iziyobisi ezichasayo ze-amino acid derivatives ezisebenza njenge-enzyme inhibitors.Ngokomzekelo, i-N-phosphoacetyl-L-aspartate yi-transition status inhibitor ye-aspartate transaminophenase, enokuphazamisa i-pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway ukufezekisa iinjongo zokulwa ne-tumor.(4) I-amino acid derivatives isebenza njenge-tumor inhibitors of intermediates.(5) Iimveliso ze-amino-asidi ezibuyisela umva iiseli zomhlaza.

Ii-amino acids kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo ukuze zisetyenziswe:

(1) iiamino acids nezinto eziphuma kuzo

I-amino yendalo kunye ne-amino acids kunye ne-derivatives.I-Methionine inokuthintela i-hepatitis, i-necrosis yesibindi, kunye nesibindi esinamafutha, kwaye i-glutamate ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-coma yesibindi, i-neurasthenia, kunye ne-epilepsy.5-hydroxytryptophan.

(2) iipolypeptides kunye neziyobisi zeprotheni

Ubume bemichiza buyafana, kunye nokwahlukana kobunzima bemolekyuli.Iziyobisi zeprotheyini: i-serum albumin, iindidi ze-C. globulin, i-insulin;iziyobisi polypeptide: oxytocin, glucagon.

(3) ii-enzymes kunye neziyobisi ze-coenzyme

Amachiza e-Enzyme ahlulwe abe yi-enzymes yokugaya (i-pepsin, i-trypsin, i-malamylase), i-anti-inflammatory enzymes (i-lysozyme, i-trypsin), i-enzyme yonyango lwe-cardiovascular disease (i-kinin release release enzyme dilate imithambo yegazi ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi), njl njl. i-hydrogen, i-electron, kunye namaqela kwiimpendulo ze-enzymatic ziye zasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwesifo sesibindi kunye nesifo senhliziyo.

(4) ii-nucleic acids kunye nezithomalalisi kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo

I-DNA ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudodobala kwengqondo, ubuthathaka, kunye nokumelana nemitha, i-RNA isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-adjuvant ye-hepatitis engapheliyo, i-cirrhosis, kunye nomhlaza wesibindi, kunye ne-polynucleotides zi-inducers ze-interferon.

(5) iziyobisi zeswekile

I-Anticoagulant, i-lipid-ukwehlisa, i-antiviral, i-anti-antitumor, i-immune function ephuculweyo, kunye ne-anti-aging.

(6) ichiza lipid

Phospholipids: I-Nepholipid, i-lecithin ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sesibindi, isifo senhliziyo, kunye ne-neurasthenia.Iiasidi ezinamafutha zinciphisa amafutha egazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nesibindi esichasene namafutha.

(7) ukukhula kweeseli

I-Interferon, i-interleukin, i-tumor necrosis factor, njl.

(8)Iklasi yeBioproducts

Ukulungiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-microorganisms, i-parasites, isilwanyana kunye nezixhobo zabantu okanye ezenziwe nge-biotechnology yanamhlanje, iindlela zemichiza njengolungiselelo lokuthintela, unyango, ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezithile ezosulelayo okanye ezinye izifo.