Isahluko I, Uhlolojikelele lwemboni

I. Pharmaceutical intermediates industry: the crossover industry of chemical industry and medicine

Ama-Pharmaceutical intermediate yizinto eziphakathi ohlelweni lwe-API synthesis, ikhemikhali enhle yezemithi, engadingi ilayisense yokukhiqiza izidakamizwa, engahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kumthelela wekhwalithi yokugcina ye-API ibe phakathi okungeyona i-GMP kanye ne-GMP ephakathi (okuphakathi kwemithi kukhiqizwa. ngaphansi kwezidingo ze-GMP ezichazwe yi-ICHQ7).

Imboni ephakathi kwemithi ibhekisa kulawo mabhizinisi amakhemikhali akhiqiza futhi acubungule i-organic/inorganic intermediate noma imithi eluhlaza yamabhizinisi ethaka imithi ngezindlela zokwenziwa zamakhemikhali noma ze-biosynthetic ngaphansi kwamazinga aqinile ekhwalithi.

(1) Imboni yezemithi ephakathi nendawo ingahlukaniswa ibe yizimboni ze-CRO kanye ne-CMO.

I-CMO: I-Contract ManufacturingOrganisation ibhekisela kumkhiqizi wenkontileka ophathisiwe, okusho ukuthi inkampani eyenza imithi ikhiphela uzakwethu isixhumanisi sokukhiqiza.Uchungechunge lwebhizinisi lwemboni ye-CMO yezemithi ngokuvamile luqala ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhethekile zemithi.Izinkampani zezimboni zidinga ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo futhi zizihlukanise zibe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhethekile zemithi, futhi ukucubungula kabusha kuzokwakha izinto zokuqala ze-API, i-cGMP intermediates, i-API, namalungiselelo.Njengamanje, izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezithaka imithi zijwayele ukusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside nabahlinzeki-mpahla abambalwa ababalulekile, futhi ukusinda kwezinkampani embonini kusobala ngozakwethu.

I-CRO: I-Contract (Clinical) Research Organization ibhekisela esikhungweni socwaningo lwenkontileka esigunyaziwe lapho izinkampani ezithaka imithi zinikeza abalingani isixhumanisi socwaningo.Njengamanje, imboni ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ngokwezifiso, ucwaningo ngezifiso kanye nentuthuko kanye nocwaningo inkontileka yezemithi, yokuthengisa njengoba ukubambisana main, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imithi intermediates imikhiqizo imikhiqizo innovative, ukwahlulela ukuncintisana core ibhizinisi namanje ukucwaninga. kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa njengento yokuqala, uhlangothi olubonakala njengamakhasimende enkampani awela phansi noma ozakwethu.

(2) Kusukela ekuhlukaniseni amamodeli ebhizinisi, amabhizinisi amaphakathi angahlukaniswa abe yimodi ejwayelekile kanye nemodi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi abancane nabamaphakathi abaphakathi basebenzisa imodi evamile, futhi amakhasimende abo ngokuvamile abakhiqizi bemithi ejwayelekile, kuyilapho abakhiqizi abakhulu abaphakathi abanekhono eliqinile lokucwaninga nekhono lokuthuthuka bamukela imodi engokwezifiso yezinkampani zezidakamizwa ezisungulayo.Imodeli eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-viscosity namakhasimende.

Ngaphansi kwemodeli yomkhiqizo ojwayelekile, amabhizinisi ahlonza izidingo ezijwayelekile zamakhasimende amaningi ngokuya ngemiphumela yocwaningo lwemakethe futhi enze imisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi njengocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza, nokuthengisa njengendawo yokuqala.Okusho ukuthi, ngaphambi kwemisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi, abukho ubudlelwano bekhasimende obumisiwe obasungulwa phakathi kwebhizinisi namakhasimende omphakathi.Kusukela lapho, ohlelweni lokwenza imisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi, amabhizinisi ngokuvamile agcina ukuxhumana okuvamile namakhasimende omphakathi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izidingo ezijwayelekile zamakhasimende omphakathi ziyahlangatshezwa.Ngakho-ke, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile kuba yimikhiqizo ejwayelekile kuqala, bese kuba ngamakhasimende amaningi.Imodeli yebhizinisi isuselwe emikhiqizweni evamile kanye nomongo, futhi ibhizinisi namakhasimende omphakathi awubudlelwane bamakhasimende obuxekethile.Embonini yezemithi, imodeli yomkhiqizo ojwayelekile isebenza kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizweni nasekuthengisweni kwemithi ephakathi kwemithi, i-API kanye namalungiselelo adingekayo emithini ejwayelekile.

Kumodi yokwenza ngokwezifiso, amakhasimende enziwe ngokwezifiso ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluyimfihlo ebhizinisini ngemuva kokusayina isivumelwano sobumfihlo nebhizinisi, futhi acacise izidingo zokwenza ngokwezifiso.Ibhizinisi liqala ngezidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zamakhasimende enziwe ngokwezifiso ukwenza ucwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa nokunye. imisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi.Okusho ukuthi, ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi, amabhizinisi asungule ubudlelwano bekhasimende obuthize kakhulu namakhasimende enziwe ngokwezifiso.Kusukela lapho, ohlelweni lokuqhuba imisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi, amabhizinisi adinga ukugcina okuqhubekayo, okubili futhi ukuxhumana okujulile namakhasimende enziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izidingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zamakhasimende enziwe ngokwezifiso kuzo zonke izici.Ngakho-ke, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kungamakhasimende angokwezifiso, bese kuba yimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.Imodeli yebhizinisi isekelwe kumakhasimende ngokwezifiso futhi iyinhloko, futhi kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze bamakhasimende phakathi kwebhizinisi namakhasimende angokwezifiso.Embonini yezemithi, imodi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso isebenza ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwabaphakathi kwezemithi, i-API. kanye namalungiselelo adingekayo emithini emisha.

II.Imithetho neziqondiso ezihlobene nezimboni

Abaphakathi kwezemithi bayingxenye yemboni yamakhemikhali, kodwa baqine kakhulu kunemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali evamile. umkhawulo wabakhiqizi abaphakathi.

Njengebhizinisi elenziwe ngokwezifiso elikhiqiza ucwaningo nentuthuko labaphakathi kwezemithi, imisebenzi yalo yokukhiqiza ivinjelwa uMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo we-People's Republic of China, uMthetho we-People's Republic of China on Safety Work, uMthetho Wekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo we-People's Republic of China. I-China neminye imithetho neziqondiso.

Imboni yamakhemikhali emihle iyigatsha elibalulekile lemboni yamakhemikhali yaseChina.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umbuso uphinde wagcizelela ukweseka kwawo imboni yamakhemikhali amahle emibhalweni eminingi enezinhlelo.Imboni yezokwelashwa kwemithi esezingeni eliphansi yabaphakathi kwezemithi nayo ingenye yezimboni zamasu ezisafufusa ezithuthukiswe ngamandla yizwe.

Ⅲ, izithiyo zemboni

1. izithiyo zamakhasimende

Imboni yezokwenziwa kwemithi ilawulwa izinkampani ezimbalwa ezikhiqiza imithi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ama-oligarchs ezokwelapha acophelele kakhulu ekukhetheni abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abakhipha umsebenzi, futhi isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabahlinzeki abasha ngokuvamile side. Amabhizinisi aphakathi kwemithi adinga ukuhlangabezana nezindlela zokuxhumana zamakhasimende ahlukene, futhi kudingeka wamukele isikhathi eside sokuhlola okuqhubekayo ukuze uthole ukwethenjwa amakhasimende angezansi, bese uba abahlinzeki bawo abayinhloko.

2. umgoqo wezobuchwepheshe

Ukuthi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingeziwe zobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kuyisisekelo samabhizinisi enkonzo yokukhishwa kwemithi. izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside, ucwaningo olubizayo oluphezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinsiza zobuchwepheshe, kunzima kumabhizinisi angaphandle kwemboni ukungena ngempela embonini.

3. izithiyo zamathalente

Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenza kwezimboni kobuchwepheshe bezemithi kudinga inani elikhulu locwaningo nentuthuko enhle kakhulu, amathalenta okuphatha ukukhiqiza kanye nabasebenzi bokwenza iphrojekthi.Amabhizinisi e-Interbody adinga ukusungula imodeli yokuziphatha ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-cGMP, futhi kunzima ukusungula i-R & yokuncintisana. D kanye nethimba lokukhiqiza elite ngesikhathi esifushane.

4. izithiyo zokulawula izinga

Imboni ephakathi incike kakhulu ezimakethe zangaphandle.Ngezidingo eziqinile zokugadwa kwekhwalithi ye-FDA, EMA nezinye izikhungo ezilawula izidakamizwa, imikhiqizo engakadluli ukuhlolwa ayikwazi ukungena emakethe yezwe lokungenisa.

5. imigoqo yokulawula imvelo

Imboni emaphakathi ingeyemboni yamakhemikhali, futhi idinga ukukhiqizwa ngokulandela izindinganiso zokuqondisa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kazwelonke embonini yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali. ukungcola, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nemikhiqizo enenani eliphansi izobhekana nokuqedwa ngokushesha.

IV.Izici eziyingozi zemboni

1.Ingozi yokuhlushwa okuhlobene kwamakhasimende

Isibonelo, njengoba kungabonakala ku-prospectus yamasheya e-Boteng, ikhasimende layo elikhulu kunawo wonke ngu-Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical, obala ngaphezu kwe-60% yemali engenayo, lesi simo singatholakala futhi kubahlinzeki abaphakathi njengo-Yaben Chemical.

2. Ubungozi bemvelo

1. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqizwa, nokuthengiswa kwabaphakathi kwezemithi, imboni ingeyemboni yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo wamakhemikhali amahle.Ngokuya ngezinhlinzeko ezifanele zedokhumenti ye-Huanfa [2003] No.101, imboni yamakhemikhali ibekwe njengesikhashana nje njengokungcola okukhulu.

3. ingcuphe yezinga lokushintshisana, ingcuphe yesaphulelo sentela yokuthekelisa

Imboni exhumanisa nemithi incike kakhulu ebhizinisini lokuthekelisa, ngakho ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushintshisana kanye nesaphulelo sentela yokuthumela ngaphandle kuzoba nomthelela othize kuyo yonke imboni.

4. Ingozi yokuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo

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Imboni emaphakathi inempahla eluhlaza enkulu futhi ehlakazekile edingwa imboni ephakathi.Imboni yayo ekhuphuka nomfula iyimboni yamakhemikhali eyisisekelo, ezothintwa ukuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe okuhlanganisa namanani kawoyela.(naka ukuqhathanisa okuvundlile kwamanani entengo yezinto ezibalulekile zenkampani eqondiwe.)

5. ubungozi bokugcinwa kwemfihlo kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwamabhizinisi aphakathi kwamakhemikhali amahle kwezobuchwepheshe kubonakala ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali, ekukhethweni okuyinhloko kwe-catalyst kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, kuyilapho obunye ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bunobuntu obuphakeme obubodwa, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwenkampani. .

6. izibuyekezo zobuchwepheshe ngezingozi ezifika ngesikhathi

7. ubungozi bokudonsa ubuchopho

Isahluko II, Izimo Zemakethe

I. Amandla embonini

Ngokusho kwe-China Market Survey Network "2015-2020 Future Market Potential and Investment Strategy Research Report" ikhombisa ukuthi abahlaziyi be-China Medical intermediates Industry Analysis China Market Survey Network abahlaziyi baveze ukuthi iChina idinga izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 XNUMX zezinto ezingavuthiwe nabaphakathi abasekela amakhemikhali. imboni minyaka yonke, enesidingo samathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.5. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yentuthuko, izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni imithi yaseChina zingafanelana ngokuyisisekelo, futhi izingxenye ezimbalwa kuphela ezidinga ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele emithonjeni ecebile yaseShayina kanye namanani aphansi ezinto ezibonakalayo, abaxhumanisi abaningi bathole inani elikhulu lokuthekelisa.

Ngokombiko we- “Fine Chemical Pharmaceutical Interintermediates Industry Analysis Report” okhishwe ngabakwa-Qilu Securities ngo-2013, ngenxa yokufuduka kokukhiqizwa kwemithi e-Asia, abaxhumanisi bokukhiqiza imithi baseChina banezinzuzo ezisobala, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi bakhule ngesilinganiso sonyaka esiyi-18. I-% (isilinganiso sokukhula esimaphakathi somhlaba esingaba ngu-12%).Izindleko zemithi yomhlaba zikhula kancane, izindleko ezikhuphukayo zocwaningo nezokuthuthukiswa, ukunciphisa inani lemithi emisha yobunikazi kanye nokuncintisana kwezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile kuya ngokuya kushube, izinkampani zemithi zibhekene nengcindezi ekabili, uchungechunge lwezimboni ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokukhishwa kwemisebenzi kube umkhuba weThe Times, ngonyaka wezi-2017 inani lemakethe yokukhiqiza yokukhiqiza izofinyelela ku-$ 63 billion, i-CAGR12%.Izindleko zokukhiqiza eChina ziphansi ngama-30-50% kunezaseYurophu nase-United States, isidingo semakethe sigcina ukukhula okuphezulu, ingqalasizinda ingcono kune-India kanye nokugcinwa kwamathalenta amaningi, kodwa i-API eqinisekisiwe ye-FDA kanye namalungiselelo amancane, Ngakho-ke, kwahlulelwa ukuthi i-China izoqhubeka nokuhola ekukhiqizeni okuphakathi kwemithi.Inani lemakethe lokukhiqiza imithi laseChina liwukuphela kwe I-6% yokukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yangaphandle emhlabeni wonke, kodwa izokhula ifike ku-$5 billion ngo-18% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Ⅱ.izici zemboni

I-1.Iningi lamabhizinisi okukhiqiza angamabhizinisi azimele, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, isikali esincane sokutshala izimali, ngokuyisisekelo phakathi kwezigidi ezimbalwa kuya ku-1 noma 2 million yuan;

2.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesifunda kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza kugxile kakhulu, kusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezineZhejiang Taizhou kanye neJiangsu Jintan njengesikhungo;

3.Ngokunaka okwandayo kwezinkinga zemvelo ezinkingeni zemvelo, ingcindezi yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza ukwakha izindawo zokwelapha imvelo iyanda;(naka isijeziso, ukuthobela)

4.Izibuyekezo zomkhiqizo zishesha kakhulu.Eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usuvele usemakethe, umkhawulo wenzuzo yawo wehla kakhulu, okuphoqa amabhizinisi ukuthi aqhubeke ethuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha noma aqhubeke ethuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuze alondoloze inzuzo ephezulu yokukhiqiza;

5.Ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo yokukhiqiza yabaphakathi kwezemithi iphezulu kunemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, inqubo yokukhiqiza kokubili iyafana, ngakho-ke amabhizinisi amancane kakhulu amakhemikhali ajoyine ukukhiqizwa kwabaphakathi kwemithi, okuholela ekuqhudelwaneni okungahambi kahle embonini. ;

I-6.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-API, i-margin yenzuzo ye-intermediates yokukhiqiza iphansi, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-API kanye ne-intermediates yemithi iyafana.Ngakho-ke, amanye amabhizinisi awakhiqizi kuphela abaphakathi, kodwa futhi asebenzisa izinzuzo zawo ukukhiqiza i-API.

III.Inkomba yentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yemboni ephakathi

1. ukugxila embonini kokubili emhlabeni jikelele nase-China kuphansi, futhi i-CMO yamaShayina kanye ne-CRO zisenendawo enkulu yokukhula

Ukugxilwa kwemboni kuphansi emhlabeni naseShayina.Abaphakathi kwezemithi abanqunyelwe ukuvikelwa kwelungelo lobunikazi, futhi abadingi isitifiketi se-GMP, ngakho-ke umkhawulo wokungena uphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi kunemikhiqizo eminingi.Ngakho-ke, kokubili umhlaba kanye neChina, ukugxila embonini kuphansi, futhi ukukhishwa kwabasebenzi abaphakathi kwezemithi nakho.

Emhlabeni jikelele: I-CMO yemithi eyi-10 ephezulu yango-2010 imele ngaphansi kuka-30%, abathathu abaphezulu iLonza Switzerland(Switzerland), Catalent(USA) kanye ne-BoehringerIngelheim(Germany).I-Lonza, inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-CMO, ithole ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11.7 ngo-2011, ibalwa ku-6% kuphela we-CMO yomhlaba.

2. imikhiqizo iyahlukahluka futhi inwebeke ekupheleni kochungechunge lwezimboni

Ngokuphelele kusukela ekukhiqizweni okubanzi kwama-intermediates asezingeni eliphansi kuya emikhiqizweni esezingeni eliphezulu esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kwandiswe kweminye imikhakha yenkonzo yezokwelapha.Lokhu kunezidingo eziphakeme zokuphatha namandla ezobuchwepheshe enkampani, kodwa futhi kudinga ukuqongelela isithunzi samakhasimende, nokubambisana. isikhathi sibuye sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekujuleni kokubambisana.

3. ithatha izinsiza ezingochwepheshe

Uchungechunge lwezimboni zesevisi yokukhishwa kwemisebenzi luyaqhubeka nokunwetshwa, lwenza izinsiza zokukhipha i-R & D (i-CMO+CRO): lunwebe lusuka ku-CMO luye phezulu nomfula, futhi lwenza i-CRO(ukukhipha izinsizakalo ze-R & D), ezinezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zobuchwepheshe benkampani nocwaningo futhi amandla okuthuthukisa.

4. igxile kwezemithi, i-API ehlaselayo kanye namalungiselelo ezansi nomfula wabaphakathi

5. isebenza ngokujulile namakhasimende amakhulu ukwabelana ngezithelo zokukhula okufanayo nokuthuthukisa inani eliwumongo

Ukugxila kwemboni yemithi esezingeni eliphansi kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yemboni exhumanisa nemithi, futhi isidingo sesikhathi esizayo ikakhulukazi sivela kumakhasimende amakhulu: ngokombono wokugxilisa ingqondo, imboni yezemithi yomhlaba wonke iphezulu (ukugxilwa kwamabhizinisi ayishumi aphezulu emhlabeni wonke kungu-41.9 %), okwenza isidingo esiyinhloko se-CMO ephakathi sivela kuma-giants wamazwe ngamazwe.Izinga lokuhlushwa lemboni ephakathi lingama-20% kuphela, amandla okuxoxisana abuthakathaka, futhi isiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo sizophinde sibe ngezokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezemithi. Izikhondlakhondla zemithi yamazwe ngamazwe ziwumthombo omkhulu wesidingo samanje nesizayo.Ukukhiya amakhasimende amakhulu kuqondiswe kwizidingo zesikhathi esizayo.

Isahluko III Amabhizinisi Ahlobene Nemboni

I. Izinkampani ezisohlwini lwemboni emaphakathi

1, Medialization Technology

Ibhizinisi elihamba phambili lokukhiqiza elenziwe ngokwezifiso: I-Lianhua Technology iyibhizinisi elihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eShayina, futhi ingxenye yokukhiqiza okwenziwe ngezifiso iyanda unyaka nonyaka.

Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe: indlela ye-ammonia oxidation yethula ubuchwepheshe besisekelo se-nitrile, ngokusebenzisa ama-catalyst amasha kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe bufinyelela ezingeni elihamba phambili lamazwe ngamazwe, izindleko eziphansi futhi inqubo yokusebenza ngokuyisisekelo ayinabo ubuthi.

2, Jacob Chemical

Ukukhiqizwa ngokwezifiso kwesibulala-zinambuzane kanye neziphakathi ezithuthukisiwe zemithi.Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ngokuyinhloko iyi-BPP yesibulala-zinambuzane i-chloroworm benzoamide ne-CHP, lapho i-CHP ingumanduleli we-BPP. izinhlobo ezincane.

Amakhasimende ayinhloko enkampani wonke amakhulu ezizwe ngezizwe, phakathi kwawo izibulala-zinambuzane okuyiDuPont, kanti abaxhumanisa bemithi iTeva kanye neRoche.Imodi yangokwezifiso ithuthukisa ukusebenzelana kwamakhasimende futhi ivale izidingo ezingezansi. Thatha ukubambisana neDuPont njengesibonelo, Njengomphakeli onamasu. yaseDuPont, ukubambisana kuye kwakha isisekelo esiqinile sokwethembana kanye nezithiyo zokungena phakathi neminyaka eminingi, futhi ukujula kokubambisana kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo.

3, Wanchang Technology

I-Wanchang Technology iyingqwele engabonakali emkhakheni wemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.Imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko i-trimethyl proformate ne-trimethyl proformate.Ngo-2009, isabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke sasingu-21.05% kanye nama-29.25% ngokulandelana, okwenza ibe umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni.

Ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele, umkhawulo wenzuzo eningi ophelele, unezici zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesivuno, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, ukusebenza kahle komnotho okuphakeme.Okwamanje, imboni ye-protoformate yomhlaba wonke isiqedile ukuhlela kabusha i-oligopoly, izimbangi azikhulisi ukukhiqiza.Inkampani inezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuncintisana , ukusetshenziswa kwe-patent emisha yenqubo "ye-waste gas hydrocyanic acid method", ukuncintisana kunamandla.

4, Izabelo zeBoteng

Ithimba lezobuchwepheshe eliyinhloko, elinezinzuzo ezisobala ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, lingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe ze-R & D kanye nezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza, futhi libe ngabaphakathi kwezemithi besigaba sokuqala sasekhaya sokukhiqiza kanye nocwaningo kanye nentuthuko enterprise.Iwukuhlinzeka ngokuyinhloko ucwaningo lwabaphakathi kwezemithi olwenziwe ngokwezifiso. , izinsizakalo zokuthuthukiswa nokukhiqiza zezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezenza imithi kanye nemithi emisha ye-biopharmaceutical, eqhathaniswe nezinga lesibili elihlosiwe nelihle.

1.Ithimba linamandla aqinile ocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo (okubandakanya ucwaningo nentuthuko, akuwona wonke umuntu ongangena kulo mkhakha. Kufanele sinake iminyaka yeqembu kanye nesakhiwo semfundo nolwazi lwangaphambilini);

2. inemikhiqizo efakiwe, ehambisana namakhasimende ezidakamizwa enziwa ngabantu abajwayelekile noma aqalayo (isimo selungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwayo, lokho amakhasimende ebhizinisi anakho, imikhiqizo ehambisana nayo eseqedile yemithi, ukuthi ziyini izinkomba, namandla emakethe ezinkomba);

3. okuhlosiwe kunamandla okuthuthukela emikhiqizweni eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, noma ku-CRO noma ku-CMO, kunokukhiqiza kuphela imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ejwayelekile;(zingase futhi zithuthuke ziye embonini yezemithi engezansi, kodwa zidinga ukusekelwa kwezimali kanye nomkhiqizo)

4.Ukulandelwa kwemigomo kuhle, futhi asikho isijeziso esivela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, amasiko kanye neziphathimandla zentela.

Ireferensi:

(1) <>, People's Health Press, ushicilelo lwesi-8, Mashi 2013;

(2)Amasheya e-Boteng: I-IPO enikezwa umphakathi futhi esohlwini lwe-Growth Enterprise Board prospectus;

(3)UBS Gene: —— <>, May 2015;

(4)I-Guorui Pharmaceutical: “Imboni Yezokwenziwa Kwemithi Ongayazi”;

(5)I-Yaben Chemical: I-IPO kanye nokufakwa kuhlu kwe-prospectus ku-Growth Enterprise Board;

(6)I-Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Alliance:<< Uphenyo Olujulile kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwethemba Lemakethe Yemboni Yezokwenziwa Kwemithi>>, ngoMbasa wezi-2016;

(7) Izibambiso ze-Qilu: <>”.Izinkampani eziyishumi nanye kwezingu-15 ezihamba phambili zemithi zisungule ubudlelwano bamakhasimende.